Paleontologists are leveraging an unexpected ally in the search for dinosaur fossils: bright orange lichen that uniquely colonizes ancient bones. Researchers report in Current Biology that drones equipped with specialized sensors can now detect these lichen-covered fossils from high altitudes, potentially revolutionizing how new dig sites are discovered.
The Unexpected Symbiosis
For decades, paleontologists in western North America have noticed a pattern: vibrant orange lichens consistently grow on exposed dinosaur bones in arid badlands. Species like Rusavskia elegans and Xanthomendoza trachyphylla show a striking preference for fossilized bone over the surrounding rock formations, appearing almost entirely absent elsewhere. This isn’t random chance; the porous texture of fossils likely provides ideal conditions for lichen establishment, retaining moisture and offering protective pockets.
“Rather than finding new sites serendipitously, this approach can help paleontologists to locate new areas that are likely to have fossils at the surface and then go there to investigate,” explains paleontologist Brian Pickles.
From Observation to Aerial Detection
The key breakthrough came from analyzing the light reflected by lichen, bone, and surrounding rock. Spectral analysis revealed that the orange lichen emitted distinct infrared light frequencies. Researchers then engineered drone sensors capable of detecting this signature from up to 30 meters in the air, effectively turning the lichen into a natural beacon for fossil sites.
Beyond North America: A Global Potential
This technique isn’t limited to Canada or the US. Similar lichen-fossil associations have already been observed in Antarctica, where certain species thrive on penguin bones. This suggests that the method could be adapted for challenging or remote regions where traditional prospecting is impractical.
“The technique has great potential for use in little-explored or difficult-to-access areas,” notes Renato García, a paleontologist uninvolved in the study.
The research team is already planning to expand their search to other badlands globally, suggesting that the future of dinosaur discovery may be painted in a surprising shade of orange.
This marks a significant shift in paleontological methods: from relying on chance encounters to actively seeking out fossils based on their biological markers. The combination of lichen ecology and drone technology promises to accelerate the pace of fossil discovery, offering new insights into prehistoric life.
